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''Anopheles gambiae'' is a complex of at least seven morphologically indistinguishable species of mosquitoes in the genus ''Anopheles''. This complex was recognised in the 1960s and includes the most important vectors of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa particularly of the most dangerous malaria parasite, ''Plasmodium falciparum''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=Walter Reed Army Institute of Research )〕 It is one of the most efficient malaria vectors known. This species complex consists of:〔 〕 *''Anopheles arabiensis'' *''Anopheles bwambae'' *''Anopheles merus'' *''Anopheles melas'' *''Anopheles quadriannulatus'' *''Anopheles gambiae'' sensu stricto Despite being morphologically indistinguishable, individual species of ''Anopheles gambiae'' complex exhibit different behavioural traits. For example, the ''Anopheles quadriannulatus'' is generally considered to be zoophilic (taking its blood meal from animals), whereas ''Anopheles gambiae'' sensu stricto is generally anthropophilic (taking its blood meal from humans). Identification to the individual species level using the molecular methods of Scott ''et al.'' (1993) can have important implications in subsequent control measures. Recently a new cryptic subgroup - the Goundry subgroup- of ''Anopheles gambiae'' sensu stricto has been described.〔Yakob L (2011) Epidemiological consequences of a newly discovered cryptic subgroup of ''Anopheles gambiae''.Biol Lett〕 == ''Anopheles gambiae'' in the strict sense == ''An. gambiae'' s.s. has been discovered to be currently in a state of diverging into two different species — the Mopti (M) and Savannah (S) strains — though as of 2007, the two strains are still considered to be a single species. The ''An. gambiae'' s.s. genome has been sequenced three times, once for the M strain, once for the S strain, and once for a hybrid strain.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=''Anopheles gambiae'': First genome of a vector for a parasitic disease )〕 Currently, ~90 miRNA have been predicted in the literature (38 miRNA officially listed in miRBase) for ''An. gambiae'' s.s. based upon conserved sequences to miRNA found in ''Drosophila''. The mechanism of species recognition appears to be sounds emitted by the wings and identified by Johnston's organ.〔Pennetier C, Warren B, Dabiré KR, Russell IJ, Gibson G (2009) "Singing on the wing" as a mechanism for species recognition in the malarial mosquito ''Anopheles gambiae''. Curr. Biol.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Anopheles gambiae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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